Hello students welcome to module number
1 let us discuss something about solid state in this module we will discuss
some introduction and classification of solids. My dear students we know that anything
which occupied space and has
definite mass as known as matter. A
matter exist in a 3 physical state the first one is a solid second one is liquid and third one is gas and
these three physical state are inter convertible by changing the condition of
temperature and pressure the solid on heating it is changes to a liquid. On heating
the liquid changes into the gas by cooling the gas is converting to the liquid
. and again cooling the liquid changes into the solid . There for the 3 states
of matter are interconvertible by change in the temperature or pressure now let
us scientist has discovered the two states of matter and these are plasma and Bose–Einstein
condensate. The discovery of fifth state of matter was done by a great Indian scientist
sattindranath Bose and well known scientist Albert Einstein. These 3 physical state of substance are mainly depends on two factor
the first one is inter particles attractive forces and second one is thermal energy.
The inter particles attractive forces constant particle tends to keep closer
but thermal energy tends to keep them apart. Now students what are the solids
the solids are the substance which have definite shape and definite volume. For
example the TV, door , laptop these have definite shape and definite volume . These
are the examples of the solids. Now what are the general characteristics properties of solids are the
first one the solids have fixed mass,
shape, volume and density for example
this box this box has definite mass definite volume definite mass definite shape
also. In solids the intermolecular distance is very small take a look here the
particles are closely packed there for intermolecular distance are very small.
And if intermolecular distance are very small means what is the force of
attraction .the force of attraction that is intermolecular force of attraction
is very strong and coming to the last point the solids are hard, rigid and
incompressible. These are properties of solid. Now the classification of solids
based on the nature of orderly arrangement of constitute particles in 3 dimensions.
The solids are classified into two types first one is crystalline solid and
second one is amorphous solid now the students what are these crystalline solid
and amorphous solid .their a long range orderly
arrangement of constituent particles in known as crystalline solid . and
there is not long range orderly arrangement of constituent particles are known
as amorphous solid .for crystalline solid examples are quartz , sodium chloride
etc. for amorphous solid examples are polyvinyl chloride, glass fiber etc. now
the properties of crystalline solid the
first property is crystalline solids have Sharp melting point and definite heat
of fusion why crystalline solids have sharp melting point because the strength
of all the bonds between the particles are equal there for crystalline solids
have sharp melting point. Ice is an example of crystalline solid the melting
point is zero degree Celsius coming to the second property of crystalline solid
that is anisotropy. There is many properties which have different values in
different directions for example the thermal conductivity , electrical
conductivity , reflective index , mechanical strength are different along
different directions in one directions the compositions of solid is green purple , green purple and other it is
purple, purple, purple, purple since the
composition of solid changes with direction has the values of physical properties also changes therefor it exhibit
work and isotropy nature or an isotropy now for this plain solid start and is
appropriate in nature now what are the differences between crystalline and
amorphous solid coming to the first parameter that is arrangement there is a long range orderly arrangement of
particles in crystalline solid in case amorphous solid that is short range of
orderly arrangement i.e. there is no long range orderly arrangement of
particles in case of amorphous solid the second property is melting point
crystalline solids are have sharp melting point amorphous solid do not have
sharp melting point because the strength
of all the bonds between the particles are not equal there for amorphous
solid don’t have Sharpe melting point and third property heat of fusion crystalline
solids have definite heat of fusion and amorphous solid no definite heat of fusion. And coming to the
fourth anisotropy and isotropic nature .the crystalline solids are anisotropic
in nature and amorphous solids are isotropic
in nature and coming to the fifth point nature. Crystalline solids are also
known as true solid and amorphous solids are also known as a pseudo solid and
coming to the last point shape crystalline solids have definite geometrical
shape but amorphous solid has irregular shape. Thank you students.
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