Saturday, 14 November 2015

What are the Some of the Main Challenges in Cracking the DI Section of the CAT?



Monday, 9 November 2015

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Thursday, 5 November 2015

HOW TO CRACK READING COMPREHENSION IN CAT ??






The following is an extract from “Reading Comprehension for the CAT” published by Pearson Education. Author, Sujit Kumar, is a faculty at CPLC, Mumbai.
The first thing to bear in mind while taking a Reading Comprehension test and while preparing for the test is that Reading Comprehension questions test your reading and comprehending skills. CAT especially, in these questions, tests your comprehension rigorously. Hence, whenever you are solving Reading Comprehension questions, make sure that you have:
  • adequate comprehension of the passage
  • adequate comprehension of the question
  • adequate comprehension of each option
The errors in Reading comprehension answers arise because we tend to compromise on the comprehension of one or the other factors mentioned above.

Comprehension of the Passage

The comprehension of the passage may be compromised because of vocabulary constraints, unfamiliar subject matter, the complexity of the sentences in the passage, or the complexity of the ideas.
When you solve RC passages in the CAT make sure that vocabulary constraints do not come in the way of the comprehension of the passage. Though it is likely that some of the words in the passage are unfamiliar to you, at least intelligently guess the meaning of those unfamiliar words by paying careful attention to the context in which they occur, and try to get a firm grip on the ideas presented in the passage. Through active reading, make an attempt to understand the structure of the passage and in what hierarchy the ideas are presented. An efficient reader would focus on the parts of the passage that are clearly understood, and then make educated guesses about the parts that are too complex to immediately understand. Make sure that the passage is thus adequately understood.
If the passage presents dense and complex sentence structure try to break those sentences into smaller idea units, and understand how those parts (idea units) are related to one another. This would help make even extremely complex structures easier to understand.
Unfamiliar ideas or subject matter would not pose a big problem if one has the reading habit. Hence, while you are preparing for an exam like the CAT, make sure that your efforts include regular reading. Also, try to read diverse subjects, although it is not necessary to master every subject under the sun. By reading widely and patiently on several subjects learn not to be intimidated by different subjects like philosophy, economics, politics, psychology, sociology, or science etc.
Unless the passage is sufficiently understood, attempts to answer questions can give negative results. This is of utmost importance during your practice.

Comprehension of the Question Asked

Sometimes, we go wrong in our answers because we do not pay sufficient attention to the exact nature of the question that is asked. For example, a question may ask:which of the following options makes the author’s thesis less supportable? Comprehension of this question would mean that you first define the author’s thesis in the passage. In this case, many of us tend to spend more time evaluating the options without clearly defining the thesis. As a result, we are confused by the options. Whenever you are confused by the options, you need to check whether it is your inadequate comprehension of either the passage or the question that is creating the confusion. Another question may ask you to identify ‘the real reason’ behind some aspect of the passage. We are baffled if all the options appear correct. But the question asks you to identify the real reason, which means you have to identify the motive rather than the reasons that may be stated in the passage and the options. In short, bear in mind that you have to take sufficient care to ensure that you have understood what exactly the question asks you to do. The close options then will not pose such a formidable challenge as some of us experience.

Comprehension of Each Option

Once the above stages of comprehension (of the passage and of the question) are adequately addressed, pay close attention to what each option means. More often than not, especially in the CAT, the incorrect options either subtly sidetrack the question, or generalise unnecessarily on the facts presented in the passage, or undervalue the facts presented in the passage, or intensify the facts in the passage, or make inferences that are not sustained by the passage. A few options may also be contrary to the passage.
Often, the options may also require you to reason with them. This makes the test a little more than a mere test of comprehension. The reasoning required is generally suggested by the question itself. For example: Which of the following is the prime purpose of the passage, and which of the following is the thematic highlight of the passage may appear similar but the former is asking you about why the passage is written and the latter merely asks you to identify the gist of what is written. In short, make sure that apart from trying to understand the option clearly, you also have to determine the line of reasoning to apply when you work with the options.

Questions First or Passage First?

Your task in the test is to score. For this purpose you may adopt one of the following techniques described below. If you are not sure which method you should use, experiment with the different methods and see which of the methods helps you score the maximum marks in the minimum time. You may want to experiment under test conditions (10 to 12 minutes per passage to answer 3 to 4 CAT level questions). Different people find different methods comfortable.
  • Read the entire passage and answer the questions referring back to the passage to ensure accuracy
  • Read part of the passage carefully (half the passage). Read all the questions and decide if a few can be answered. Answer those questions. Read the rest of the passage and answer the remaining questions
  • Skim through the entire passage. Skim through the questions and options. Read the entire passage. Answer the questions
  • Read all the questions. Identify what each question is asking. Read the entire passage, answering the questions as you go along
All the above are correct methods. Practice and decide on your method.

Use of a pacer and the habit of underlining

Some people trace their way through the passage using their finger or a pencil. Using a pacer helps avoid regression, enhances your focus on the text, and your concentration. It slows you down slightly, but it ensures that no word or idea is missed. To my mind, it is wise to use a pacer while doing Reading Comprehension. But, you be your own judge. Experiment and see if it is worth it. If you find it a waste of time, do without it.
Some people have the habit of underlining the key elements of the passage. Some students even make brief notes in the margin. I have also noticed that some students make underlining a substitute for comprehension – they are more interested in identifying and underlining the key elements than in learning those points. In such a case underlining is a waste of time.
Once the key elements are identified and assimilated, in order that recall of those key points becomes easier, they are highlighted by underlining. This is the true purpose of underlining. That the underlined key elements trigger back into your memory the important details surrounding that key element. Hence if properly done, underlining helps highlight the important points and enhance your comprehension and retention. Underlining is not a substitute for understanding.
Making notes, or summarising, in the margin goes a step beyond merely underlining, and can be very helpful in creating a mind map of the essay – the structure – as one reads along. Try it out and experience the benefits.
However, in a computer based tests, the use of a pacer is not possible. Get used to reading a lot on screen. You can switch to reading your daily newspaper on the computer (as a part of the practice for the CAT). Take several simulated tests on the screen.

How to Choose Passages to Attempt?

Your ability to choose the right passages to attempt can be the difference between success and failure in a competitive exam. If the paper allows you sufficient choice among passages, the passages to attempt should be chosen quite wisely. Skim through the entire passage as quickly as you can. Or read a couple of paragraphs somewhat carefully, but as fast as you can. Pay attention to the vocabulary used, the subject matter, the complexity of the argument, and the ideas presented. Judge whether you would like to continue studying this passage. If so, short list it as a likely passage to attempt. Do the same with the other passages. Remember to work fast in this process. At the end you may have short listed a couple of passages or more that you would be comfortable reading. After that apply the methodology most comfortable to you and work with those passages.
The selection of passages is completely based on the comfort that you experience with the passage. If you find a particular passage easy, you will be able to attempt the questions based on that passage comfortably. If you find a passage difficult, you are most likely to find even the questions difficult, though they are ‘easy’ questions. But if you find that a passage is easy to read and understand, you will be able to work with even the most difficult question set on it. Hence choose the passages that you are most comfortable reading.
If the paper, however, does not offer you the freedom to choose, you must try to do your best even in an uncomfortable passage without being intimidated by it.

Should I attempt all the questions in a passage or a limited number?

The immediate answer is: attempt a limited number of questions and ensure accuracy to them. However, if your overall attempts are far below the target you have set, it is necessary to attempt questions to meet that target. At all times, in a competitive exam with negative marking, your attempt should be to maximise your marks not merely by attempting the maximum number of questions possible, but also by minimising the negative.
Further, you will need to analyse your performance during practice to decide the number of attempts to maximize your score. Since different individuals have different accuracy percentages,the number of attempts and speed are specific to each individual in order to optimize the score.
Source:

10 tips to Crack Quant in the CAT and the CMAT ENTRANCE


  • Mindset is the key: It is not about mastering mathematical concepts, it is just about applying these concepts
  • Know your basics right: Squares, Cubes, Reciprocals, Multiplication Tables
  • Know the typical question types that are asked in different exams
  • Attitude: Stop telling yourself you are weak in Maths
  • Try to understand the logic behind concepts, rather than maths behind them
  • Learn the art of judging the difficulty level of the questions by reading it
  • Learn to segregate different topics based on your comfort level
  • Classify the typical mistakes you keep repeating: Silly, Conceptual, Reading the question incorrectly, Marking wrong option & work towards overcoming them
  • Don't go for speed, go for accuracy - speed. will naturally follow 
  • Practice,Practice,Practice.
Source:
http://cplc.net.in/resources-test-prep/blogs/188-10-tips-to-crack-quant-in-the-cat-and-the-cmat

10 things to keep in mind while choosing an institute for CAT and CMAT Coaching


  1. Check for the experience level of the faculty members 
  2. Don't get lured by the results. Not only check the number of calls, but also check the number of students who were coached 
  3. More ads does not mean that the institute is good, it simply means students do not come to them by word of mouth 
  4. Check what does the institute do to get results out of students who are average at studies 
  5. Check if the institute is using technology to enhance quality of teaching and better understanding 
  6. Check if the institute has separate batches for engineers and non engineers 
  7. Check if the institute is able to empower a student to ask doubts in the class without feeling insulted 
  8. Check what systems do the institute have to instill discipline in studies - attendance, home work, regular tests, score tracking  
  9. Speak to the students who have been coached by the institute - especially the ones who did not get calls 
  10. Check if the institute has enough resources to help a student in all aspects of preparation - classroom coaching, test series, personality round  
 Source:
http://cplc.net.in/resources-test-prep/blogs/183-10-things-to-keep-in-mind-while-choosing-an-institute-for-cat-and-cmat-coaching

10 most common myths about MBA entrance exams



Myth 1: MBA is only about the CAT
Reality: Don't put all your eggs in one basket. Don't decide the fate of your career on your one day's performance. There are exams like XAT, IIFT, CMAT, NMAT, SNAP which you need to take.  
Myth 2: CAT is only about the IIM's
Reality: There are many good institutes like S.P. Jain, MDI, IIT and IMT that also accept the CAT scores  
Myth 3: One needs to attempt 90% of the questions in the exam to get an IIM call    
Reality: MBA entrance exams are about percentile and not about percentage. Absolute performance does not matter, relative performance is important.  
Myth 4: Only the Engineers make it
Reality: More and more institutes are working towards having a diversity (Good mix of Engineers and Non-Engineers in their batch) 
Myth 5: Only people with Work-experience make it  
Reality: Students with work-ex do have an advantage in the second stage of the selection process, but they find it difficult to prepare for the MBA entrance exams along with stringent work timings. 
Myth 6: I need to study 8 hours a day
Reality: With a disciplined and planned study you may be able prepare even by putting in 3-4 hours a day  
Myth 7: I need to have national bench-marking
Reality: It is the quality of students with whom you benchmark that is important, rather than quantity 
Myth 8: I need to take as many tests as possible
Reality: It is important to spend more time in analyzing every test rather than blindly taking test after test  
Myth 9: If I am not doing well in the mock tests, I have no chance in the actual exam  
Reality: Mocks are only net practice. Your performance at the nets is not related in any way to your performance in the actual match. 
Myth 10: My results are guaranteed if I join classes that boasts of good results  
Reality: Classes can only act as facilitators in getting results. It is the student who can overcome all odds to get the results. Join a class that can motivate you to do well and get the results.

Source:
http://cplc.net.in/resources-test-prep/blogs/182-10-most-common-myths-about-mba-entrance-exams

Friday, 30 October 2015

Logical Reasoning (Number Series) Lecture for MBA Entrance (CET-CMAT-CAT)

Verbal Ability (Tenses) Lecture for MBA Entrance (CET-CMAT-CAT)

Verbal Ability (Cause Effect) Lecture for MBA Entrance (CET-CMAT-CAT)

Quantitative Ability (Partnership) Lecture for MBA Entrance (CET-CMAT-CAT)

Robomate MBA Entrance -- Introduction

The DNA of Verbal Ability in CAT (Common Admission Test)



This week we will discuss the Verbal Ability Section of the CAT (Common Admission Test). Over the years the CAT has established itself as the most sought after, yet the most difficult entrance test for MBA in India. The perception that the CAT is difficult is entrenched among the candidates. And this perception – whether right or wrong – is largely attributable to the Section on Quantitative Ability. IIM aspirants, especially non-engineers, approach the CAT rightfully with loads of material in mathematics discussing the fundamentals, solved problems, shortcuts, strategies and simulated tests.
As the preparation progresses one soon realizes that though quant is the backbone of the CAT, the decisive part of the CAT is neither Quant nor DI but the Verbal Ability section. The Verbal Ability Section of the CAT tests these areas: Reading Comprehension, English Usage (Grammar), Vocabulary, and Reasoning. Somehow, most of the students feel inadequate in all four. The rush starts – for the fundamentals, shortcuts, and strategies in Verbal. And there are none. Solved examples and simulated tests are available for the asking – but the confidence is somehow elusive.
“Truly successful decision making relies on a balance between deliberate and instinctive thinking.” These words of Malcolm Gladwell (Blink) encapsulate the elusive Verbal Ability that all the entrance exams test. The deliberate thinking is to be cultivated by reading well, analysing, and training through solving problems, and taking tests. When choosing your answer, the fine balance between deliberate thinking and instinctive thinking need to be achieved. The CAT, unlike the GMAT, sometimes, compounds the problem. The choices, at times, rely more on wordplay than reasoning. Questions are, sometimes, meant to trick rather than test.
In the Verbal Ability Section of the CAT, your instincts do play a large role. An instinct that is not spoiled by conceit or coaching institutes go a long way in getting to the right answers in the CAT. However, one can take concrete steps to systematically address the inadequacy one may feel in the Verbal Section. Cultivate the reading habit so that you are comfortable with processing abstract ideas. Improve your Vocabulary the same way. Learn a lot of grammar. Take several tests. And in the process take care not to fall prey to mere ‘deliberate thinking’.
Almost 50% of the Verbal Section every year in the CAT is Reading Comprehension questions. Over the years, Reading Comprehension has become compact and difficult. The long 2400 word long passages with 10 or 12 questions gave way to shorter 900 word long passages with as few as three questions per passage. Readability decreased and options became analytical. If one concentrates on the Reading comprehension part, the Verbal Section in the CAT is more than taken care of.
Vocabulary and Grammar questions do not change much except in the format these questions are asked. A little bit of reasoning as well is involved in these questions. Proficiency in the language is more helpful than training and preparation. But prepare you must.
The miscellaneous reasoning questions like, Critical Reasoning questions (Fact, Inference, Judgment, Conclusions, and Assumptions etc.), Paragraph completion, Paragraph Jumbles and others appear off and on. The structure of the Verbal Section except for Reading Comprehension is not predictable. However, the areas tested remain the same: Reading Comprehension, English Usage, Vocabulary, and Reasoning.
CAT Verbal has (like the CAT itself) has become quite compact. From 100 questions in two sections, the number of questions gradually reduced to 25 questions in one section from 2000 to 2006, though 2008 CAT had 40 questions. And then around 34-35 questions in Verbal Section with almost half the section devoted to RC, as experienced in its online avatar.
In order to prepare effectively for the Verbal section, you must be ready to put in a lot of work, without looking for that elusive ‘confidence’ that may arise with efforts. It is all right if you do not feel confident in Verbal (No one can), but you must keep studying and keep taking tests. The guidance from an expert faculty can help. Above all do not allow your instinct to be corrupted – either by over analysis or by an attitude, casual or conceited.
Source: http://cplc.net.in/resources-test-prep/blogs/548-the-dna-of-verbal-ability-in-cat

Strategies to Crack Data Interpretation in CAT

The DI section in CAT can be rewarding but also your downfall if not attempted carefully. In today's article we outline some strategies that you could use to make sure that you attempt DI correctly. We have also added a smaller section on how to study for DI in the last month of preparation.

Strategies for Cracking DI

Selecting the Right Sets

Most of the times, your performance in the DI section depends on your ability to choose the right sets. In a CAT DI section, not all sets are worth attempts. There is a good spread of easy and difficult sets. The objective is to choose the easy sets and avoid the tough and time-consuming ones. What is also important is to prioritize the sets that you have chosen to solve so that you don’t end up spending too much time on any one set.
How does one select or reject a set on the face of it? There are many factors that can decide this.

1. Familiarity with the Data Representation

Sometimes the CAT examiners represent the data in a format that may be unfamiliar to you. Because of this there would be a big risk to attempt such a set as you never know how much time you might end up spending in deciphering it.
Here is a CAT 2008 set to illustrate the same:

2. The Nature of the Data Values

Sometimes, your set may have data values that are big (4 digits and more) or values that are in decimals. Usually such values are not so friendly to calculate. Hence such sets should usually be avoided.
Here is a CAT 2003 (Nov) set that falls in the above category.

3. Ability to Extract Data Values from the Set

Some times that set may be familiar to us and the data values may also be friendly, however it may be difficult to extract the exact values from the set. Since we spend considerable amount of time in calculation, we better take the correct data values and calculate. Again it is better to ignore such sets.
The following CAT 1999 set is a good example of this.

4. Other factors

Apart from the above factors, there are some other reasons why you may choose to leave or do a particular set compared to others. These are:
  • How many questions follow a particular data set? – Since you are spending considerable amount of time in deciphering the data set, you might as well take maximum advantage of the time you invested.
  • Are the answers options too close of far apart? – Close answer options mean, possibility of approximation are ruled out. You need to spend that extra time to calculate the answer up to the last decimal place.
  • Is there a ‘Cannot be Determined’ or ‘None of these’ in the answer options? – You are not sure of your answer and need to spend that extra time to double check whether the answer is indeed one of them, or you have made some mistake in calculation or overlooked some part of the information.

5. The Correct Trade-Off between all the Evils

Having said all of the above, it is important to note that you may not have get a set that satisfies all your requirements. Every set will have some drawback or the other. There may some sets that may not be familiar to you, some others in which the data values are not good enough and others where you may not be able to extract the exact values. This does not mean you should end up leaving all the sets. Probably you may have to Trade-Off one evil for another and decide which of the evils is better to live with, in the light of your strengths. In other words, life won’t be a smooth highway ride as far as DI is concerned. You need to overcome some of the hurdles and avoid treading on some others.

Don’t get Stuck in a Jam!

At the end of the day all of us are fighting against time. This is more true for DI as you may end miscalculating your time distribution across sets if you are not sensitive to the time that you are spending on every question.
The crucial decision that you need to take is ‘All of Some’ or ‘Some of All’. What it means is, whether it is advisable to solve ‘All questions from Some sets’ or ‘Some questions from all sets’. You need to take the former strategy if you could not short-list sufficient number of DI sets in your CAT papers. Since there are a only a few sets worth attempting, you need to solve almost all the questions from them if you need to have sufficient number of attempts. On the other hand, if you that almost all the sets are equally good or equally bad, then you may take the latter strategy. In this strategy you attempt all the sets, but skip specific questions from every set that are difficult or time consuming. Thus key to attempting a DI section is to keep moving on and not get stuck on any question or any set.


How to prepare for DI in the last one month?

1. Work on Speed Calculations

It is too late in the day to work on your calculations. However, if you have still haven’t mastered it, spend a good 3-4 days on calculations. It can still do wonders! Things like Reciprocals, Squares, Square roots, Cubes, Cube Roots etc. Work the calculations out mentally. Initially it may take more than you might want it to be taking, but this habit once formed will go a long way in helping you for DI. Working on Calculations is like swimming. Once you know it, you know it. From then on you can only work on getting better.

2. Study the DI trends in actual CAT papers

Preferably solve the DI sections of all the CAT papers from 2003 onwards. Try and understand how the questions have changed from the previous years. The annexure given at the end of this report can help you in this. This should take not more than 3 days.

3. Solve Section Tests rather than Individual Sets

What is important is to simulate the CAT. Hence rather than focusing of solving individual questions, you need to solve as many section tests as possible. Take these tests under timed settings, with emphasis on selecting and prioritizing the sets.
Source:http://cplc.net.in/resources-test-prep/blogs/547-strategies-to-crack-data-interpretation-in-cat